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Behavioral communication : ウィキペディア英語版
Behavioral communication

Behavioral Communication is defined as a psychological construct which influences individual differences of the expression of feelings, needs, and thoughts as a substitute for more direct and open communication.〔Ivanov, M. (n.d.). Behavioral Communication Debrief. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://psyresearch.org/behavioralcommunication/〕 Specifically, it refers to people's tendency to express feelings, needs, and thoughts by means of indirect messages and behavioral impacts.〔http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886910001017〕 It can be argued that much of our communication is, in fact, non-verbal.
Any behavior (or its absence when one is expected) may be judged as communicative if it has the intent to convey a message. For example, an expressive hairstyle, a show of a certain emotion, or simply doing (or not doing) the dishes all can be means by which people may convey messages to each other.
The construct of behavioral communication is conceived as a variable of Individual differences. This means that some people more than others tend to engage in indirect or behavioral communication, whether consciously doing so or unconsciously doing so, in spite of the plausible alternatives of using verbal communication.〔Ivanov, M. (n.d.). Behavioral Communication Debrief. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://psyresearch.org/behavioralcommunication/〕 An individual's behavioral style greatly effects their verbal and nonverbal communication. It is rare that someone utilizes all one behavioral communication style, all of the time.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕 Being able to identify one's own behavioral style requires a high level of self-awareness.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕
Different types of communication behavior
There are four different types of communication behavior: aggressive, assertive, passive, and passive-aggressive.
==Aggressive Communication==

Aggression is defined as an unplanned act of anger in which the aggressor intends to hurt someone or something.〔Whitson, S. (2014, June 1). Passive Aggressive vs. Assertive Behavior in Relationships. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/passive-aggressive-diaries/201406/passive-aggressive-vs-assertive-behavior-in-relationships〕 Aggressive communicators typically create avoidable conflict by engaging in personal attacks and put-downs.〔Adubato, S. (2014). Assertive versus aggressive communication. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2014/01/assertive_versus_aggressive_communication.html〕 Aggressive communicators create a win-lose situation and use intimidation to get their own needs met, oftentimes at the expense of others.〔Hennessy, K. (n.d.). Assertive Communication. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/pub/feap/work-life/newsletters/assertive-communication.pdf〕 Aggressive communicators typically feel a strong sense of inadequacy, have a lack of empathy, and believe the only way to get their needs met is through power and control.〔Hennessy, K. (n.d.). Assertive Communication. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/pub/feap/work-life/newsletters/assertive-communication.pdf〕 Aggressive communicators are usually close-minded, are poor listeners, and tend to monopolize others.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕
Behaviors often seen during aggressive communication include: putting others down, overpowering others, not showing appreciation, rushing others unnecessarily, ignoring others, not considering other’s feelings, intimidating others, and speaking in a condescending manner.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕〔SkillsYouNeed.com. (2015). Assertiveness - An Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ps/assertiveness.html〕 Nonverbal behaviors exhibited during aggressive communication include: frowning, critical glares, rigid posture, trying to stand over others, using a loud voice and fast speech.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕
While engaging in this type of communications, individuals typically feel anger, superiority, frustration, and impatience.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕 Aggressive communication oftentimes results in counter aggression, alienation, and the creation of resistance or defiance.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕 Additionally, individuals on the receiving end of aggressive communication typically feel: resentful, defensive, humiliated, hurt, and or afraid.〔Newton, C. (n.d.). The Five Communication Styles. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.clairenewton.co.za/my-articles/the-five-communication-styles.html〕
There are times when aggressive communication is pertinent, however. The aggressive communication style is essential during emergencies or when decisions have to be quickly made.〔Sherman, R. (n.d.). Understanding Your Communication Style. Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/sba/comm_style.htm〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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